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Golden retrievers, like other female mammals, experience a reproductive cycle known as the estrus cycle. The estrus cycle is characterized by four distinct stages: proestrus, estrus, diestrus, and anestrus. Proestrus is the first stage and is characterized by vaginal bleeding and swelling.

Estrus, commonly known as “heat,” is a recurring physiological stage in female dogs that signals their readiness to mate and reproduce. The frequency of heat cycles varies among breeds, and golden retrievers typically experience estrus roughly twice a year, with an average interval of six to nine months between cycles.